Navigation and editing commands. This is the default when you launch Helix
Insert
i (before), a (after), o (below), O (above), I (line start), A (line end)
Esc
Type text directly into the document
Select / Extend
v
v or Esc
Extend selections. All movements extend the selection instead of replacing it
Minor Modes
Minor modes are accessed from Normal mode and typically switch back to Normal mode after one command (except View/Sticky and Space which can persist) 2.
Mode
Key
Purpose
View
z
Scroll and reposition the view without moving the cursor. Center, top, bottom alignment, page up/down
Sticky View
Z
Same as View mode but persistent — stays active until you press Esc. Useful when reading/scrolling through a lot of text
Goto
g
Jump to various locations (e.g., gg = top of file, ge = end of file, gd = definition)
Match
m
Jump to matching brackets, select text objects (e.g., mm = matching bracket, miw = inner word, ma( = around parens)
Window
Ctrl-w
Split and manage windows (e.g., Ctrl-w v = vertical split, Ctrl-w s = horizontal split, Ctrl-w w = cycle windows)
Space
Space
Access higher-level commands: file picker (Space f), search (Space /), symbol picker (Space s), etc. This is the “leader” key
Command
:
Enter a command-line prompt (e.g., :w = write, :q = quit, :wq = write and quit)